Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries are helping flood-hit brotherly Sudan with relief

[ArabianEmpires&Caliphates]

How have Arab countries supported Sudan to deal with the danger of flooding?

We review the most important and recent news in the following articles:
How have Arab countries supported Sudan to tackle the danger of flooding? From the sunrise gate, on Tuesday, September 3, 2019.

Sudan was hit by heavy rainfall at the beginning of last August, resulting in severe flooding; killed at least 78 people and injured more than 100, following damage to 14 states It caused heavy losses to private and public property, and major service providers such as hospitals and schools.

According to Russia Today, the floods and floods that hit Sudan this year are the first of its kind in 31

years, with water levels rising during the period to a level equal to The floods experienced by Sudanese regions on record floods 1988.


As floods and floods in the country increased and damage to its mandate, many Arab countries helped to support and assist Sudan to help the people affected by flooding and flooding.

– Saudi Arabia

To rescue the many flood-affected areas of Sudan, Saudi Arabia moved on Monday, to help the two countries, while sending King Salman of two planes from the first aviation bridge Saudi Arabia, packed with 116 tons of food and medical aid to mitigate the effects of floods and floods in Sudan, according to the network "Sky News» quoted Saudi Press Agency «SPA».

– Kuwait

Kuwait helped send two more planes from an aircraft with eight planes, the first arrived at Khartoum airport on Friday, carrying relief materials of approximately 40 Second, on Monday, carrying humanitarian aid, including shelter materials, food and sanitation materials n, was received by the delegation of the High Committee to receive external support of the kind, established by the Council of Sovereignty.

– Qatar

As Qatar contributed to send two planes for the relief of the people of Sudan, its first Saturday, it was loaded of 65 tons of relief materials, for those affected by the floods and floods in Sudan, The second came on Monday, Sudan's capital Khartoum, bringing humanitarian aid, food, shelter and health. The United Arab Emirates government announced on Wednesday that it would begin work on providing immediate humanitarian aid to Sudan, following floods and floods that have flooded the country, according to UAE newspaper Al Bayan.

– UAE-Saudi Aid

The UAE and Saudi Arabia were involved in supplying 540 thousand tons of wheat, on August 7, to meet basic needs in food of the people of Sudan, according to the network «Sky News.

The two countries have also contributed $ 500 million as deposits to the Central Bank of Sudan to strengthen its financial position and meet the people's needs for food, medicine, oil derivatives and weather needs of agriculture.

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Source link

https://newsfounded.com/egypteng/ho...ed-sudan-to-deal-with-the-danger-of-flooding/

https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1168898378945748994

https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1168967474404089856

https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1168978943661289472

https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1168440828420902912

 

[asena_great]

take your 3.7 million arab refugees instead

 

[ArabianEmpires&Caliphates]

Before the obligatory "Sudanese are not Arabs because they are Black" drivel.

Found a great post concerning this.

"It seems most here and elsewhere, and especially in certain groups such as western historians, pan-Africanists, Sudanese youth, non-Sudani Arabs, and other groups seem to think Sudani Arabs are either:
​

1. purely Arabized "Nubians", or worse yet, a generalized "Africans"​
2. Mostly "African"/Nubian with minor Arab ancestry - with no further explanation or clarification where this Arab ancestry is concentrated and in which groups and in what amounts, and how it was transferred​

Arab ancestry has since its inception been dominated by a patriarchal definition. Arab ethnic identity is passed from the father, and has no regard for the mothers ancestry. This is not a weird or exceptional thing to Arabs, as many ethnic groups follow this definition, including Somalis, Pasthuns, Koreans, the Han, and Irish.

In the time period prior to Islam and the Islamic conquests, and even for centuries later, one must belonged to an Arab clan in order to be Arab. It could be many generations since any matriline Arab ancestry was passed on, but so long as their is a clear paternal lineage that goes back to an Arab male, that person had the right to claim an Arab ethnic identity.

Concerning the Sudan, since the earliest days of human DNA analysis in the 1990's, and especially in the 2000's, it's been clear from testing the y-chromosomes (a chromosome/package of dna passed on strictly patrilineally from ones father, and on to their sons. It does not really change, only grows. A genetic documentation of direct patrilineal lineage) of Sudani Arab males, it has been very clear that Sudani Arabs had incurred heavy peninsular Arab ancestry, even as the majority of their ancestry was non-Arab.

But much more interesting is outside of the ~25% general Arab ancestry of Sudani Arabs, is where Arab ancestry is concentrated in Sudani Arabs.

From looking at their maternal lineages, it is quite clear there is little Peninsular Arab maternal ancestry in Sudani Arabs. In fact, it is dominated by Northeast African and alot of West/Central African maternal lineages. As such, it is clear Arab ancestry in Sudani Arabs was not really from Arab women. So where did it come from?

Just a single glance at Sudani Arab y-chromosomes (ydna for short), it is immediately clear that their paternal lineages are dominated by classic Semitic and very likely Arab paternal lineages. In fact, the highest recorded frequency of J1-P58 (the classic Semitic paternal lineage) worldwide is in Khartoum, Sudan, with 74.3% of males in tested in the city carrying a J1-P68 lineage. Mind you this is Khartoum, a multi-ethnic but largely Arab metropolis of 2 million+, and by far the largest city in Sudan.

Here was a 2017 study that states:

According to historical and linguistic studies, and recent Y-chromosome data it has been suggested that the northeastern Sudanese populations especially Nubians and Beja were strongly affected by Eurasian migrations since the introduction of Islam from the Arabian Peninsula through Egypt and the Red Sea starting around 651 A.D

Northeast Africa has a long history of human habitation, with fossil-finds from the earliest anatomically modern humans, and housing ancient civilizations. The region is also the gate-way out of Africa, as well as a portal for migration into Africa from Eurasia via the Middle East and the Arabian Peninsula. We investigate the population history of northeast Africa by genotyping ~3.9 million SNPs in 221 individuals from 18 populations sampled in Sudan and South Sudan and combine this data with published genome-wide data from surrounding areas. We find a strong genetic divide between the populations from the northeastern parts of the region (Nubians, central Arab populations, and the Beja) and populations towards the west and south (Nilotes, Darfur and Kordofan populations). This differentiation is mainly caused by a large Eurasian ancestry component of the northeast populations likely driven by migration of Middle Eastern groups followed by admixture that affected the local populations in a north-to-south succession of events. Genetic evidence points to an early admixture event in the Nubians, concurrent with historical contact between North Sudanese and Arab groups. We estimate the admixture in current-day Sudanese Arab populations to about 700 years ago, coinciding with the fall of Dongola in 1315/1316 AD, a wave of admixture that reached the Darfurian/Kordofanian populations some 400–200 years ago. In contrast to the northeastern populations, the current-day Nilotic populations from the south of the region display little or no admixture from Eurasian groups indicating long-term isolation and population continuity in these areas of northeast Africa.

This is best summarized by a genetic study of Sudan by Hisham Yousif and University of Khartoum, Dept of Molecular Biology in July 2009:

Both PCA and Mantel test indicate a pronounced divide and correlation across linguistic and geographic lines. It seems that gene flow is not only recent but largely of focal nature. According to historical and linguistic data, it has been suggested that the Sudanese populations especially Nubians and Beja were strongly affected by Arab migrations since the coming of Islam from the Arabian Peninsula through Egypt around 651 A.D (Hassan, 1968) and the subsequent fall or disintegration of the old Nubians states. This can explain the high frequency of haplogroup J1 (J-12f2) in the North and East and in a part west Sudan which was obviously brought by migrating Arab tribes from Asia. As haplogroup J-12f2 is the prominent haplogroup among Arabs of Iraq (Al-Zahery et al., 2003), North Africa (Arredi et al., 2004; Luis et al., 2004), Levant (Flores et al., 2005) and Arabia (Cadenas et al., 2008). The group that have the highest population size in fact was the Alien from central north Sudan who occupies both a trading cross road and the land of the ancient kingdom of Meroe.

The Gaalien exhibits a Y profile that give insights into past and recent migrations to the Sudan, interestingly they still maintain a low frequency of haplogroup A-M13 and E-M78 and a frequency of haplogroup J-12f2 that is consistent with their Arabic oral tradition and descent.

In the Chad family tree DNA project, the Arab Chadian men tested thus far (10), 8 have J1 (and likely J1-P58). Which goes to show that this pattern even holds of Sudani Arab tribes that have migrated deep into the Sahel and Central and West Africa, such as the Shuwa/Baggara Arabs (which most Chadian Arabs are).

J1 in general is a old lineage, and not all J1 is Arab or even Semitic. And many other ydna are just as Semitic and Arab as J1-P58 lineages. I haven't accounted for this, as most Arab ydna in Sudan is J1-P58. But higher resolution testing firmly upholds that J1 in Sudan is of ultimate Arabian origin, as further testing is showing they share common male ancestors with Arab men of the peninsula in the last 2,000 years, and around 1,400 years ago, just as this, this, and this J1-P58 lineages show.

If we go by the original definition and criteria of belonging to the Arab ethnic group, Sudani Arabs are in fact the most Arab group outside of the Arabian peninsula, tied to Iraqi Arabs, Syrian Arabs, and Sinai Arabs going by the critrea of descending on the paternal lineage - from your fathers, fathers, fathers, father - from Arab men, and belonging to an Arab clan.

There is data collected from specific Sudanese Arab tribe such as the far flung Darfur Arab tribes far removed from the Sudani Arab core, such as the Meseria and Arakien, and it also follows the same aforementioned data: Sudani Arab males largely descend in their paternal line from Arabian male ancestors. As such, the Sudani Arab clans are for the most part truly Arab clans.

A male-mediated Arabization in the Sudan took place with the arrival of Arab clans into the Nubia. We see just from history that intermarriage between Arabs and the Nubians (the main non-Arab element of Sudani Arab ancestry) was between Arab tribal patriarchs and Nubian womenfolk, and this form of intermarriage was occurring across all stratra of Nubian society, as we see the sons of Arab tribal shiekhs only a few generations removed from their Arabian homeland marrying the daughters of Nubian kings.

The downfall of the Nubian kingdoms of the Sudan and the conquest of it's territories was not by force, as the two failed conquests of the Nubians by the Rashidun Caliphate under the Arab armies of Uqba ibn Nafi, and a later attempt by Abdullah ibn Sa'ad at the 1st Battle and 2nd battles of Dongola, in which the Arab forces were defeated twice by the Nubians made clear. Rather it was the peaceful infiltration of Arab clans into Nubian Christian territory under the guise of military pacts, mercenaries, and taxing and citizenship and the later sex-biased intermarriage that took place led to the downfall of the Nubian kingdoms of Makuria, Nobatia, and lastly, Alodia under the Arab tribal leader Abdullah.

In summary: Sudani Arabs are largely the patrilineal descendants of Arabian men, and are around ~25% Arabian in ancestry and ~75% Nubian (and Cushitic + West and Central African + Nilo-Saharan ancestry). Their maternal ancestry is mostly Nubian, West and Central African, and a smaller amount of earlier Cushitic (As in Afroasitic) ancestry.

PS> Even Nubians are something like ~25%ish Arab, and around 40-50% of their lineages are Semitic. So they are hard to differentiate from Sudani Arabs because of this heavy Arab ancestry. Sudani Arabs in Chad and Nigeria are similar in respect to the ydna, but have more West/Central African ancestry because of sex-biased admixture between Sudani Arab men and West/Central African women."
​

So essentially up to 80% of all family lineages Sudan (including the non-Arab ethnic groups) are of Arab/Semitic origins. The reason why Sudanese (not all!) have a high Black African admixture, is due to intermarrying with local women.

Arabs are the second largest ethnic group in the world after the Han Chinese.

30 million + Arabs in Latin America alone. Millions in South East Asia and South Asia. Millions in Sahel, Horn of Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa. Millions of Southern Europeans of paternal Arab ancestry from Spain to Cyprus. Arab minorities in Caucasus, Central Asia and even China where Hui's have partial Arab ancestry.

 

[Saddam Hussein]

take your 3.7 million arab refugees instead

You created those refugees, now they will Arabize you, as they should with force. You should indeed beat them when they lay on the beach for there is a lot of work (Arabization) to do.

 

[Kamil_baku]

You created those refugees, now they will Arabize you, as they should with force. You should indeed beat them when they lay on the beach for there is a lot of work (Arabization) to do.

how about your country? did Turkey also kill a million people? or did Turkey just recently bombed the prison in Yemen and killed more than 100 people just for fun?