I suppose you are restricting the definition of Caliphate to the Rashidun. If so, I see your point, but I was using the looser, historical mainstream definition, according to which the Caliphate, having been obliterated by the Mongols, was revived by the Ottomans, and lasted till 1918.
Fair enough, the efflorescence we are talking about was largely during the rule of the Abbasids.
Again, you have made a subtle point. It is interesting to see the indirect dialogue between you and @padamchen, where you are each correcting little details, not each other's, and transforming the picture as a whole.
We've been doing that to each other for some time now.
Unlike earlier, we both allow each other to keep their respective heads where they belong .... on their shoulders, and not rolling at the others feet.
Cheers, Doc
