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China's Top 10 Recent Scientific Innovations

Martian2

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Dec 15, 2009
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On another forum, someone asked me about China's recent scientific innovations. Here are a few notable Chinese innovations that come to mind. I have posted my reply here for those that are interested in China's scientific advancements.

China's recent scientific innovations include:

Artemisinin - Winner of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Medicine. China's artemisinin has saved millions of lives from malaria (especially in Africa and Southeast Asia or other tropical locale).

China (Sunway TaihuLight) owns the current world record for the fastest supercomputer, which is three times faster than America's fastest supercomputer (Titan). The Chinese interconnect software and CPU are indigenous. The Chinese supercomputer is distinguished by low power consumption per petaflop calculation.

China conducted an experiment and proved that superconductivity can occur in an one-atom thick material. Prior to China's experiment, western scientists had believed that two or more atoms of thickness were necessary for superconductivity. (See citation below from Nature Physics).

China cloned the world's first rabbit.

China owns about 1,000 patents for the world's fastest high-speed trains that travel 350 kilometers per hour.

China displayed the world's first picture of a hydrogen-bond, which is fundamental to chemistry. (See citation below)

China has the world's only published mathematical proof that the universe appeared from nothing due to quantum mechanics.

China discovered the Structural Basis of Pre-mRNA Splicing. (See citation below)
----------

Let's review the list of Chinese innovations:

Artemisinin - medicine
Supercomputer - computing
Superconductivity - physics
Cloned rabbit - cloning genetics
High-speed rail (350km/hr) - engineering
World's first hydrogen-bond picture - chemistry
Mathematical proof of existence of our universe from quantum mechanics - theoretical physics
Discovering structural basis of pre-mRNA splicing - biology

In my view, China has plenty of notable recent scientific innovations.
----------

Superconductivity in one-atomic-layer metal films grown on Si(111) | Nature Physics

"Although superconductivity has been observed in ultrathin metal films down to a few layers, it is still not known whether a single layer of ordered metal atoms, which represents the ultimate 2D limit of a crystalline film, could be superconducting. Here we report scanning tunnelling microscopy measurements on single atomic layers of Pb and In grown epitaxially on Si(111) substrate, and demonstrate unambiguously that superconductivity does exist at such a 2D extreme."

bdYFXnE.jpg

----------

The Very First Image of a Hydrogen Bond

The Very First Image of a Hydrogen Bond | Gizmodo

"Using a technique called high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM), researchers in China have visualized the molecular structure of a hydrogen bond.
...
Hydrogen bonds are incredibly useful and they're all over nature. Most famously, they're responsible for holding the two strands of the double helix of DNA together. They also give water its unique properties. Chemists describe a hydrogen bond as the attractive force between the hydrogen attached to an electronegative atom of one molecule and an electronegative atom of a different molecule."

Q02pn6u.jpg

----------

Chinese Scientists Discover Structural Basis of Pre-mRNA Splicing

Chinese Scientists Discover Structural Basis of Pre-mRNA Splicing | Slashdot

"On August 21st, the research team led by Prof. Yigong Shi from School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University in China published two side-by-side research articles in Science, reporting the long-sought-after structure of a yeast spliceosome at 3.6 angstrom resolution determined by single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), and the molecular mechanism of pre-messenger RNA splicing. Until now, decades of genetic and biochemical experiments have identified almost all proteins in spliceosome and uncovered some functions. Yet, the structure remained a mystery for a long time. The works, primarily performed by Dr. Chuangye Yan, and Ph.D students Jing Hang and Ruixue Wan under Prof. Yigong Shi's supervision, settled this Holy Grail question and established the structural basis for the related area. This work was supported by funds from the Ministry of Science and Technology and the National Natural Science Foundation of China."
fqyyp7q.jpg

----------

Structural basis of pre-mRNA splicing | Science

YrFee7C.jpg

----------

Prof. Yigong Shi’s group reported the structure of yeast spliceosome and the splicing mechanism in two Science articles | Tsinghua University News

2sQHa4W.jpg
 
On another forum, someone asked me about China's recent scientific innovations. Here are a few notable Chinese innovations that come to mind. I have posted my reply here for those that are interested in China's scientific advancements.

China's recent scientific innovations include:

Artemisinin - Winner of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Medicine. China's artemisinin has saved millions of lives from malaria (especially in Africa and Southeast Asia or other tropical locale).

China (Sunway TaihuLight) owns the current world record for the fastest supercomputer, which is three times faster than America's fastest supercomputer (Titan). The Chinese interconnect software and CPU are indigenous. The Chinese supercomputer is distinguished by low power consumption per petaflop calculation.

China conducted an experiment and proved that superconductivity can occur in an one-atom thick material. Prior to China's experiment, western scientists had believed that two or more atoms of thickness were necessary for superconductivity. (See citation below from Nature Physics).

China cloned the world's first rabbit.

China owns about 1,000 patents for the world's fastest high-speed trains that travel 350 kilometers per hour.

China displayed the world's first picture of a hydrogen-bond, which is fundamental to chemistry. (See citation below)

China has the world's only published mathematical proof that the universe appeared from nothing due to quantum mechanics.

China discovered the Structural Basis of Pre-mRNA Splicing. (See citation below)
----------

Let's review the list of Chinese innovations:

Artemisinin - medicine
Supercomputer - computing
Superconductivity - physics
Cloned rabbit - cloning genetics
High-speed rail (350km/hr) - engineering
World's first hydrogen-bond picture - chemistry
Mathematical proof of existence of our universe from quantum mechanics - theoretical physics
Discovering structural basis of pre-mRNA splicing - biology

In my view, China has plenty of notable recent scientific innovations.
----------

Superconductivity in one-atomic-layer metal films grown on Si(111) | Nature Physics

"Although superconductivity has been observed in ultrathin metal films down to a few layers, it is still not known whether a single layer of ordered metal atoms, which represents the ultimate 2D limit of a crystalline film, could be superconducting. Here we report scanning tunnelling microscopy measurements on single atomic layers of Pb and In grown epitaxially on Si(111) substrate, and demonstrate unambiguously that superconductivity does exist at such a 2D extreme."

bdYFXnE.jpg

----------

The Very First Image of a Hydrogen Bond

The Very First Image of a Hydrogen Bond | Gizmodo

"Using a technique called high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM), researchers in China have visualized the molecular structure of a hydrogen bond.
...
Hydrogen bonds are incredibly useful and they're all over nature. Most famously, they're responsible for holding the two strands of the double helix of DNA together. They also give water its unique properties. Chemists describe a hydrogen bond as the attractive force between the hydrogen attached to an electronegative atom of one molecule and an electronegative atom of a different molecule."

Q02pn6u.jpg

----------

Chinese Scientists Discover Structural Basis of Pre-mRNA Splicing

Chinese Scientists Discover Structural Basis of Pre-mRNA Splicing | Slashdot

"On August 21st, the research team led by Prof. Yigong Shi from School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University in China published two side-by-side research articles in Science, reporting the long-sought-after structure of a yeast spliceosome at 3.6 angstrom resolution determined by single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), and the molecular mechanism of pre-messenger RNA splicing. Until now, decades of genetic and biochemical experiments have identified almost all proteins in spliceosome and uncovered some functions. Yet, the structure remained a mystery for a long time. The works, primarily performed by Dr. Chuangye Yan, and Ph.D students Jing Hang and Ruixue Wan under Prof. Yigong Shi's supervision, settled this Holy Grail question and established the structural basis for the related area. This work was supported by funds from the Ministry of Science and Technology and the National Natural Science Foundation of China."
fqyyp7q.jpg

----------

Structural basis of pre-mRNA splicing | Science

YrFee7C.jpg

----------

Prof. Yigong Shi’s group reported the structure of yeast spliceosome and the splicing mechanism in two Science articles | Tsinghua University News

2sQHa4W.jpg
welcome back Martian2
 
On another forum, someone asked me about China's recent scientific innovations. Here are a few notable Chinese innovations that come to mind. I have posted my reply here for those that are interested in China's scientific advancements.

China's recent scientific innovations include:

Artemisinin - Winner of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Medicine. China's artemisinin has saved millions of lives from malaria (especially in Africa and Southeast Asia or other tropical locale).

China (Sunway TaihuLight) owns the current world record for the fastest supercomputer, which is three times faster than America's fastest supercomputer (Titan). The Chinese interconnect software and CPU are indigenous. The Chinese supercomputer is distinguished by low power consumption per petaflop calculation.

China conducted an experiment and proved that superconductivity can occur in an one-atom thick material. Prior to China's experiment, western scientists had believed that two or more atoms of thickness were necessary for superconductivity. (See citation below from Nature Physics).

China cloned the world's first rabbit.

China owns about 1,000 patents for the world's fastest high-speed trains that travel 350 kilometers per hour.

China displayed the world's first picture of a hydrogen-bond, which is fundamental to chemistry. (See citation below)

China has the world's only published mathematical proof that the universe appeared from nothing due to quantum mechanics.

China discovered the Structural Basis of Pre-mRNA Splicing. (See citation below)
----------

Let's review the list of Chinese innovations:

Artemisinin - medicine
Supercomputer - computing
Superconductivity - physics
Cloned rabbit - cloning genetics
High-speed rail (350km/hr) - engineering
World's first hydrogen-bond picture - chemistry
Mathematical proof of existence of our universe from quantum mechanics - theoretical physics
Discovering structural basis of pre-mRNA splicing - biology

In my view, China has plenty of notable recent scientific innovations.
----------

Superconductivity in one-atomic-layer metal films grown on Si(111) | Nature Physics

"Although superconductivity has been observed in ultrathin metal films down to a few layers, it is still not known whether a single layer of ordered metal atoms, which represents the ultimate 2D limit of a crystalline film, could be superconducting. Here we report scanning tunnelling microscopy measurements on single atomic layers of Pb and In grown epitaxially on Si(111) substrate, and demonstrate unambiguously that superconductivity does exist at such a 2D extreme."

bdYFXnE.jpg

----------

The Very First Image of a Hydrogen Bond

The Very First Image of a Hydrogen Bond | Gizmodo

"Using a technique called high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM), researchers in China have visualized the molecular structure of a hydrogen bond.
...
Hydrogen bonds are incredibly useful and they're all over nature. Most famously, they're responsible for holding the two strands of the double helix of DNA together. They also give water its unique properties. Chemists describe a hydrogen bond as the attractive force between the hydrogen attached to an electronegative atom of one molecule and an electronegative atom of a different molecule."

Q02pn6u.jpg

----------

Chinese Scientists Discover Structural Basis of Pre-mRNA Splicing

Chinese Scientists Discover Structural Basis of Pre-mRNA Splicing | Slashdot

"On August 21st, the research team led by Prof. Yigong Shi from School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University in China published two side-by-side research articles in Science, reporting the long-sought-after structure of a yeast spliceosome at 3.6 angstrom resolution determined by single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), and the molecular mechanism of pre-messenger RNA splicing. Until now, decades of genetic and biochemical experiments have identified almost all proteins in spliceosome and uncovered some functions. Yet, the structure remained a mystery for a long time. The works, primarily performed by Dr. Chuangye Yan, and Ph.D students Jing Hang and Ruixue Wan under Prof. Yigong Shi's supervision, settled this Holy Grail question and established the structural basis for the related area. This work was supported by funds from the Ministry of Science and Technology and the National Natural Science Foundation of China."
fqyyp7q.jpg

----------

Structural basis of pre-mRNA splicing | Science

YrFee7C.jpg

----------

Prof. Yigong Shi’s group reported the structure of yeast spliceosome and the splicing mechanism in two Science articles | Tsinghua University News

2sQHa4W.jpg
Ha ha the man who wants to nuke VN. Ok anyway I am interested of superconducting on one atom layer material. Can you explain how it works and how can such material be made?

Is the material made of Pb,In,Si you mentioned? How can one atom layer consist of three different atoms?
 
Ha ha the man who wants to nuke VN. Ok anyway I am interested of superconducting on one atom layer material. Can you explain how it works and how can such material be made?

Is the material made of Pb,In,Si you mentioned? How can one atom layer consist of three different atoms?
Pls do not drag viets in any thread, science does not agree with them.
 
Thanks so much for posting
Always love the way you make thread, bro @Martian2 :toast_sign::china:

China's today have many recent scientific innovation.

Even today, China's space program moving to be more scientific, with launch of X-Ray Telescope satellite, Quantum Satellite, and many more..
 
Ha ha the man who wants to nuke VN. Ok anyway I am interested of superconducting on one atom layer material. Can you explain how it works and how can such material be made?

Is the material made of Pb,In,Si you mentioned? How can one atom layer consist of three different atoms?
One atomic layer can consist of three different atoms, because you can dope the single layer. Think of a flat sheet of paper. The majority of the layer is silicon (Si). Now, knock out some of the silicon atoms and replace it with Pb or In.

S6IcMGx.jpg

----------

OFF TOPIC: To clarify, I never said I wanted to nuke Vietnam. I said something that was different and more subtle.

I said China could use its thermonuclear warheads to power an EMP (ElectroMagnetic Pulse) to disable Vietnam's communications and power-generating infrastructure. My point was that an EMP may not violate China's pledge of No-First-Use of a nuclear weapon against a non-nuclear state.

To reiterate, I did not say I wanted to nuke Vietnam. I was making an intellectual point that a megaton-class EMP deployed by China against Vietnam would greatly simplify a conventional war. After a megaton-EMP detonation about 100 miles above central Vietnam, none of the electronics in Vietnam will be functional. China can just roll in and annex the country.

My post had been about the novel use of a megaton-class EMP to secure a massive and easy conventional victory. Vietnam does not have a functional military if the different units cannot communicate with each other and if the electronics in the transport vehicles have been destroyed by an EMP.

Also, don't take it personally. China can deploy an EMP against other countries. Vietnam was merely used as an example. The discussion was about the military effect of an EMP. The discussion was not really about Vietnam.
 
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Here is my complete list of China's Top 10 Recent Scientific Innovations.

1. Artemisinin saved millions of lives from malaria - medicine
2. World's fastest Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer (93 Petaflops, indigenous interconnect software and CPUs) - computing
3. World's first One Atom Material Thickness Superconductivity - physics
4. World's first cloned rabbit - cloning genetics
5. World's fastest High-Speed Rail (350km/hr) - engineering
6. World's first hydrogen-bond picture - chemistry
7. World's first and only Mathematical proof of existence of our universe from quantum mechanics - theoretical physics
8. Discovering structural basis of pre-mRNA splicing - biology
9. Novel innovation of using HXMT satellite X-ray detectors as Gamma Ray detectors - astronomy (See citation below)
10. Chinese Professor Xiaoyun Wang has cracked the SHA-0, SHA-1, MD5, and other important encryption technologies and hash functions that are used in banking - cryptography (See citation below)

----------

China's HXMT (also known as "Insight") X-ray space telescope consists of three different X-ray detectors.

"Insight can be regarded as a small observatory in space, as it carries a trio of detectors -- the high energy X-ray telescope (HE), the medium energy X-ray telescope (ME) and the low energy X-ray telescope (LE) -- that cover a broad energy band from 1 keV to 250 keV, said Lu Fangjun, chief designer of the payload." (quote from Xinhua citation below)

More surprisingly, China's HXMT satellite is also a Gamma Ray detector.

"According to Zhang Shuangnan, HXMT lead scientist, the satellite's developers found that a set of HXMT high-energy detectors, originally designed to shield background noises caused by unwanted X-ray photons, especially those from behind the telescope, could be adjusted to observe gamma-ray bursts.

The creative new function pushes the satellite's observation band up to 3 MeV and will get a very good energy spectrum, Zhang said." (quote from Xinhua citation below)

China launches space telescope to search for black holes, pulsars | Xinhua

vLL7fBW.jpg

----------

Xiaoyun Wang | InfoSec

"Xiaoyun Wang made contributions to cryptology and cryptologic mathematics. She gave the collision attack on the world widely used hash function standards MD5 and SHA-1, subkey recovery attack on Message Authentication Codes ALPHA-MAC, MD5-MAC and PELICAN, also gave the distinguishing attack on HMAC-MD5. There are 4 papers awarded the Best Paper, including CRYPTO 2005 and EUROCRYPT 2005 best papers. Her joint paper with Hongbo Yu 'How to Break MD5 and other Hash Functions' was given Thomson Reuters Research Fronts Award 2008."

pF9TARg.jpg
 
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too bad. is there any chance to contact him? waz is VN´s last hope.
wow, a person can save the face of entire country

Here is my complete list of China's Top 10 Recent Scientific Innovations.

1. Artemisinin saved millions of lives from malaria - medicine
2. World's fastest Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer (93 Petaflops, indigenous interconnect software and CPUs) - computing
3. World's first One Atom Material Thickness Superconductivity - physics
4. World's first cloned rabbit - cloning genetics
5. World's fastest High-Speed Rail (350km/hr) - engineering
6. World's first hydrogen-bond picture - chemistry
7. World's first and only Mathematical proof of existence of our universe from quantum mechanics - theoretical physics
8. Discovering structural basis of pre-mRNA splicing - biology
9. Novel innovation of using HXMT satellite X-ray detectors as Gamma Ray detectors - astronomy (See citation below)
10. Chinese Professor Xiaoyun Wang has cracked the SHA-0, SHA-1, MD5, and other important encryption technologies and hash functions that are used in banking - cryptography (See citation below)

----------

China's HXMT (also known as "Insight") X-ray space telescope consists of three different X-ray detectors.

"Insight can be regarded as a small observatory in space, as it carries a trio of detectors -- the high energy X-ray telescope (HE), the medium energy X-ray telescope (ME) and the low energy X-ray telescope (LE) -- that cover a broad energy band from 1 keV to 250 keV, said Lu Fangjun, chief designer of the payload." (quote from Xinhua citation below)

More surprisingly, China's HXMT satellite is also a Gamma Ray detector.

"According to Zhang Shuangnan, HXMT lead scientist, the satellite's developers found that a set of HXMT high-energy detectors, originally designed to shield background noises caused by unwanted X-ray photons, especially those from behind the telescope, could be adjusted to observe gamma-ray bursts.

The creative new function pushes the satellite's observation band up to 3 MeV and will get a very good energy spectrum, Zhang said." (quote from Xinhua citation below)

China launches space telescope to search for black holes, pulsars | Xinhua

vLL7fBW.jpg

----------

Xiaoyun Wang | InfoSec

"Xiaoyun Wang made contributions to cryptology and cryptologic mathematics. She gave the collision attack on the world widely used hash function standards MD5 and SHA-1, subkey recovery attack on Message Authentication Codes ALPHA-MAC, MD5-MAC and PELICAN, also gave the distinguishing attack on HMAC-MD5. There are 4 papers awarded the Best Paper, including CRYPTO 2005 and EUROCRYPT 2005 best papers. Her joint paper with Hongbo Yu 'How to Break MD5 and other Hash Functions' was given Thomson Reuters Research Fronts Award 2008."

pF9TARg.jpg
Thank you so much for your detailed information. I have learnt a lot from you comments.
 
One atomic layer can consist of three different atoms, because you can dope the single layer. Think of a flat sheet of paper. The majority of the layer is silicon (Si). Now, knock out some of the silicon atoms and replace it with Pb or In.

S6IcMGx.jpg

----------

OFF TOPIC: To clarify, I never said I wanted to nuke Vietnam. I said something that was different and more subtle.

I said China could use its thermonuclear warheads to power an EMP (ElectroMagnetic Pulse) to disable Vietnam's communications and power-generating infrastructure. My point was that an EMP may not violate China's pledge of No-First-Use of a nuclear weapon against a non-nuclear state.

To reiterate, I did not say I wanted to nuke Vietnam. I was making an intellectual point that a megaton-class EMP deployed by China against Vietnam would greatly simplify a conventional war. After a megaton-EMP detonation about 100 miles above central Vietnam, none of the electronics in Vietnam will be functional. China can just roll in and annex the country.

My post had been about the novel use of a megaton-class EMP to secure a massive and easy conventional victory. Vietnam does not have a functional military if the different units cannot communicate with each other and if the electronics in the transport vehicles have been destroyed by an EMP.

Also, don't take it personally. China can deploy an EMP against other countries. Vietnam was merely used as an example. The discussion was about the military effect of an EMP. The discussion was not really about Vietnam.
The picture you posted. How can you cut the Si-In-Pb bloc into one-atom-layer? What machine is used? And you haven't explained how electric current can flow on the material without meeting any resistance.

Detonating nuclear bombs in the atmosphere is not using nuclear weapons? You have a logic of a liar that believes other are dumb. Radioflash is one of the major effects if you fire nuclear weapons. Other are firestorms and high pressured wind storm. Sure I take your dream of massacre VN personally. Think the PLA drops nuclear EMP over Taiwan. From country you come from.
 
The picture you posted. How can you cut the Si-In-Pb bloc into one-atom-layer? What machine is used? And you haven't explained how electric current can flow on the material without meeting any resistance.

Detonating nuclear bombs in the atmosphere is not using nuclear weapons? You have a logic of a liar that believes other are dumb. Radioflash is one of the major effects if you fire nuclear weapons. Other are firestorms and high pressured wind storm. Sure I take your dream of massacre VN personally. Think the PLA drops nuclear EMP over Taiwan. From country you come from.
It's called Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). It's a common process in semiconductor manufacturing.
----------

OFF TOPIC: Detonating a thermonuclear warhead 100 miles above central Vietnam kills no one. Thus, an EMP arguably qualifies as not using a weapon of mass destruction.

Normally, a thermonuclear warhead is detonated 2,000 feet above a city to destroy it.

There is a big difference between detonating an EMP 100 miles above ground level and using a thermonuclear warhead to obliterate a city.
 
It's called Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). It's a common process in semiconductor manufacturing.
----------

OFF TOPIC: Detonating a thermonuclear warhead 100 miles above central Vietnam kills no one. Thus, an EMP arguably qualifies as not using a weapon of mass destruction.

Normally, a thermonuclear warhead is detonated 2,000 feet above a city to destroy it.

There is a big difference between detonating an EMP 100 miles above ground level and using a thermonuclear warhead to obliterate a city.
If all commercial aircraft drop from sky that would kill no one onboard? If all people are trapped in elevators, in subways, in buses, etc that will not harm nobody? If nuclear power plants slip out of control nobody will be hurt?
Are you immune against bombardment of gamma radiation? If you say yes to all, then it may be high noon for you to seek a psychiatrist.

Anyway CVD doesn't explain how to make a one-atom-layer and how to achieve superconducting.
 
If all commercial aircraft drop from sky that would kill no one onboard? If all people are trapped in elevators, in subways, in buses, etc that will not harm nobody? If nuclear power plants slip out of control nobody will be hurt?
Are you immune against bombardment of gamma radiation? If you say yes to all, then it may be high noon for you to seek a psychiatrist.

Anyway CVD doesn't explain how to make a one-atom-layer and how to achieve superconducting.
If you want to know the details of the one-atom-layer experiment, buy the entire research paper at the link provided in the original post.
----------

OFF TOPIC: If there is a war underway, why would commercial aircraft fly over disputed skies?

If you are trapped in an elevator, bang on the door and wait for someone to free you. Or you can climb through the service hole in the ceiling.

The gamma radiation is minimal, because it is absorbed by the air. The gamma rays are converted into Compton Scattering. Hence, there is an EMP.
 

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