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China Mobile will invest 300 billion to withdraw from 3G network and enter 5G network
People's Network (Source: Daily Economic News) 03-12 08:20
https://m2.people.cn/r/MV8wXzEyNDM2...TIx?source=da&tt_group_id=6667293228485575171
On March 11, the reporter of "Daily Economic News (blog, Weibo)" noticed a message earlier from the official website of the People's Government of Fuzhou City. The content was that the Fuzhou Municipal Radio Administration agreed to China Mobile's application for cancellation of the TD-SCDMA base station. According to the contents of the letter, "After research, we agreed to cancel the 6535 TD-SCDMA base stations that your unit has stopped using, and archive the TD-SCDMA base station data in the database and recover the original radio station license."
This means that in the upcoming phase of 5G communication, some of China Mobile's 3GTD-SCDMA base stations have begun to withdraw from the historical arena. A technical person from the operator told the reporter that from the perspective of global trends, 2G and 3G exiting the network is the trend of the times. China Mobile's 3G communication industry chain has less support, making way for 5G construction, and 3G retreat is inevitable. This is also a gradual process, after all, to consider the migration of the original 3G users.
The reporter's rough statistics found that China Mobile's investment in 3G networks exceeded at least 300 billion yuan. At present, the three major operators are preparing for the 5G construction, clearing the frequency and retiring the network. Since last year, China Unicom (600050) has also begun to withdraw 2G from the country, retaining 3G and 4G.
5G does not need to support TD-SCDMA
China Mobile has already made a lot of notices for 3G withdrawal.
The reporter noted that China Mobile mentioned in the "China Mobile 5G Terminal Strategy" released in November last year that in the mode frequency band, it requires that the 5G terminal products provided by smartphone enterprises need to support five-mode 5GNR, 4GTD-LTE, 4GLTEFDD, 3GWCDMA, 2GGSM mode frequency bands, data terminals support 5G and 4G, and there is no requirement that the first 5G mobile phones need to support 3GTDSCDMA standard.
This seems to mean that the future production of 5G mobile phones does not need to consider China Mobile's TD-SCDMA communication standard, and China Mobile 3G will also withdraw from the historical stage in the future.
TD-SCDMA is China's leading 3G communication standard. The other two 3G international standards are WCDMA and CDMA2000, which are adopted by China Unicom and China Telecom respectively. In the 4G era, it developed into two standards: TD-LTE and FDD-LTE. At 5G, countries around the world have adopted the same communication standard.
Back in the history, China issued 3G licenses in 2008, and China Mobile began to expand 3G construction in 2009. According to China Mobile's financial report, its capital expenditure for communications construction in the 3G era exceeds 120 billion yuan annually. For example, in 2009, China Mobile Network Construction Investment Expenditure was 129.4 billion yuan, and in 2010 it was 124.3 billion yuan. In other words, on the 3G network, China Mobile has spent at least 300 billion yuan, which does not include the expenses of network operation and maintenance.
"This is not the sudden decision made now. It should be that China Mobile is gradually advancing. Now basically most of the users have upgraded to 4G, and China Mobile has already put voice communication on 4GVoLTE." The staff told the "Daily Economic News" reporter.
At the same time, it pointed out that China Mobile's 3GTDSCDMA industry chain is a big problem. At present, only mobile uses the TD-SCDMA standard, and the cost of base station, accessories, operation and maintenance is relatively large, and there are fewer suppliers. In its view, TD-SCDMA has completed its mission, and exit is a matter of time.
Give way for 5G construction
On the eve of 5G commercial, not only China Mobile, China Unicom is accelerating the retirement of the older network.
Since the first half of last year, some provinces and cities in China Unicom have started 2G withdrawal. At the time, China Unicom said that it would help 2G users move to 3G and 4G by freely replacing mobile phone cards and offering preferential activities such as experience traffic and online discount purchases.
As early as 2016, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has agreed to China Unicom's request for re-cultivation of 2G and 3G frequency resources for 4G networks.
A communications technician told the reporter of "Daily Economic News" that the reason why China Unicom retired was 2G instead of 3G. The Unicom 3G network adopted WCDMA standard, the industry chain is relatively mature, and the construction layout is relatively complete. This is different from what China Mobile has encountered.
In the initial stage of 5G network construction, operators will have a network of 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G coexistence. "One multi-network" not only makes each company face operational pressure, but also greatly increases costs. He Zhiqiang, general manager of China Telecom's technical department, has publicly stated that how to efficiently operate and maintain multiple networks of different standards, continuously reduce operation and maintenance costs, achieve energy conservation and emission reduction, and improve competitiveness are all operators must face and solve. problem.
The reporter noted that according to the previous deployment of China Telecom, the 5G communication of telecommunications only carries the data communication function, and the voice telephone function is assumed by the 4G network. At present, China Unicom and China Telecom have begun to implement voice communication in some regions to be undertaken by 4G networks to prepare for the upcoming 5G.
In fact, China still has huge 2G and 3G users. How to make these users migrate to 4G and the future 5G will require operators to make efforts. According to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, as of the end of 2018, the total number of mobile phone users in China reached 1.57 billion, and the total number of 4G users reached 1.17 billion, but there are still about 400 million 2G and 3G mobile phone users.
The above-mentioned operators' technical personnel told the "Daily Economic News" reporter that basically most of China Mobile's mobile phone users have used 4G, and in remote areas, they need 2G and 3G to support. How to let the network return does not affect this part. The normal use of people requires China Mobile to consider.
At present, 5G network construction is proceeding in an orderly manner. Near the end of this year, nearly 20 cities are expected to experience the high speed of 5G networks. The general manager of Shanghai Mobile recently revealed that China Mobile is promoting 5G contiguous coverage of Shanghai's main urban area, suburban business hotspots and vertical industry application areas. At the end of September, no less than 5,000 5G base stations will be built in the city. According to the Beijing Daily, before the end of the year, Beijing will be able to achieve full coverage of 5G signals in the five-ring area.
5G潮起3G潮落 中国移动3000亿打造的TD－SCDMA开始退网
人民网（来源：每日经济新闻） 03-12 08:20
3月11日，《每日经济新闻(博客,微博)》记者注意到福州市人民政府官网稍早前的一则消息，内容为福州市无线电管理局同意中国移动申请注销TD-SCDMA基站。函件内容显示，“经研究，同意注销你单位已经停止使用的TD-SCDMA基站6535个，对数据库中TD-SCDMA基站数据予以封存并收回原核发的无线电台执照。”
这意味着，在5G通信即将到来的阶段，中国移动的部分3GTD-SCDMA基站开始退出历史舞台。一位运营商方面的技术人员告诉记者，从全球趋势来看，2G、3G退网是大势所趋，中国移动3G通信产业链支撑动力少，为5G建设让路，3G退网是必然。这同时也是个渐进的过程，毕竟要考虑到原有3G用户的迁移。
记者粗略统计发现，中国移动在3G网络上面的投入至少超过3000亿元。目前，三大运营商均在为5G建设做前期准备，进行清频、退网。从去年开始，中国联通(600050)也开始在全国范围内陆续退网2G，保留3G和4G。
5G无需支持TD-SCDMA
中国移动早已为3G退网做了许多预告。
记者注意到，中国移动在去年11月份发布的《中国移动5G终端策略》中就提到，在模式频段方面，其要求智能手机企业提供的5G终端产品需要同时支持五模5GNR、4GTD-LTE、4GLTEFDD、3GWCDMA、2GGSM模式频段，数据类终端支持5G和4G就行，并没有要求首批5G手机需要支持3GTDSCDMA制式。
这似乎意味着，以后生产的5G手机无需再考虑中国移动的TD-SCDMA通信制式，未来中国移动3G也将退出历史舞台。
TD-SCDMA是中国主导的3G通信标准，另外两个3G国际标准为WCDMA和CDMA2000，分别被中国联通和中国电信采用。4G时代则发展为TD-LTE、FDD-LTE两个标准。而到了5G，全球各国采用了同一个通信标准。
回溯历史，国内于2008年发放3G牌照，中国移动从2009年开始大规模铺开3G建设。根据中国移动财报披露，其在3G时代的通信建设资本开支每年都超过1200亿元。如2009年中国移动网络建设投资开支为1294亿元，2010年为1243亿元。也就是说，在3G网络上面，中国移动至少花费了3000亿元，这还不包括此后网络运维等方面的开支。
“这并非是现在突然作出这个决定，应该是中国移动陆陆续续地在推进。现在基本上大部的用户都升级到了4G，中国移动也早已将语音通信放到4GVoLTE上。”上述运营商技术人员告诉《每日经济新闻》记者。
其同时指出，中国移动3GTDSCDMA产业链是一个很大的问题，当初只有移动使用TD-SCDMA标准，在基站、配件、运维方面成本支出都比较大，供应商也较少。在其看来，TD-SCDMA已完成自己的使命，退出是早晚的事情。
为5G建设让路
在5G商用前夕，不仅中国移动，中国联通也在加速较老的网络清退。
去年上半年开始，中国联通部分省市开始2G退网。中国联通当时表示，通过免费更换手机卡，赠送体验流量、登网优惠购机等优惠活动，协助2G用户向3G、4G迁转。
而早在2016年，工信部已同意中国联通关于重耕2G、3G频率资源用于4G网络的请示。
一位通信方面的技术人员对《每日经济新闻》记者表示，之所以中国联通退网的是2G而不是3G，在于联通3G建网采用WCDMA标准，产业链较为成熟，建设布局也比较完善，这与中国移动所遇到的情况不同。
5G网络建设初期，运营商将拥有一张2G、3G、4G、5G并存的网络，“一家多网”不仅让各家面临运营压力，还会大大增加成本。中国电信技术部总经理何志强此前就曾公开表示，如何高效地运行和维护多张不同制式的网络、不断减少运维成本、实现节能减排、提高竞争力是每个运营商都要面临和解决的问题。
记者注意到，根据中国电信之前的部署，电信的5G通信只承载数据通信功能，语音电话功能则由4G网络来承担。目前，中国联通和中国电信都在部分地区开始推行语音通信由4G网络来承担，为即将到来的5G作准备。
实际上，中国依然有着庞大的2G、3G用户，如何让这些用户顺利迁移到4G以及未来的5G，需要运营商们发力。根据工信部的数据，截至2018年末，我国移动电话用户总数达到15.7亿户，4G用户总数达到11.7亿户，但仍有4亿左右数量的2G、3G手机用户。
上述运营商方面的技术人员告诉《每日经济新闻》记者，基本上大部分中国移动的手机用户都用上了4G，在偏远地区还需要2G、3G来支撑，如何让退网不影响这部分人的正常使用，需要中国移动考虑。
当前，5G建网正在有条不紊地进行，今年底前，近20个城市有望体验到5G网络的高速。上海移动总经理近日透露，中国移动正推动上海主城区、郊区业务热点区域、垂直行业应用区域的5G连片覆盖，9月底在全市范围内完成不少于5000个5G基站建设。而据《北京日报》报道，年底前，北京就能在五环区域内实现5G信号的全覆盖。
https://m2.people.cn/r/MV8wXzEyNDM2...TIx?source=da&tt_group_id=6667293228485575171
People's Network (Source: Daily Economic News) 03-12 08:20
https://m2.people.cn/r/MV8wXzEyNDM2...TIx?source=da&tt_group_id=6667293228485575171
On March 11, the reporter of "Daily Economic News (blog, Weibo)" noticed a message earlier from the official website of the People's Government of Fuzhou City. The content was that the Fuzhou Municipal Radio Administration agreed to China Mobile's application for cancellation of the TD-SCDMA base station. According to the contents of the letter, "After research, we agreed to cancel the 6535 TD-SCDMA base stations that your unit has stopped using, and archive the TD-SCDMA base station data in the database and recover the original radio station license."
This means that in the upcoming phase of 5G communication, some of China Mobile's 3GTD-SCDMA base stations have begun to withdraw from the historical arena. A technical person from the operator told the reporter that from the perspective of global trends, 2G and 3G exiting the network is the trend of the times. China Mobile's 3G communication industry chain has less support, making way for 5G construction, and 3G retreat is inevitable. This is also a gradual process, after all, to consider the migration of the original 3G users.
The reporter's rough statistics found that China Mobile's investment in 3G networks exceeded at least 300 billion yuan. At present, the three major operators are preparing for the 5G construction, clearing the frequency and retiring the network. Since last year, China Unicom (600050) has also begun to withdraw 2G from the country, retaining 3G and 4G.
5G does not need to support TD-SCDMA
China Mobile has already made a lot of notices for 3G withdrawal.
The reporter noted that China Mobile mentioned in the "China Mobile 5G Terminal Strategy" released in November last year that in the mode frequency band, it requires that the 5G terminal products provided by smartphone enterprises need to support five-mode 5GNR, 4GTD-LTE, 4GLTEFDD, 3GWCDMA, 2GGSM mode frequency bands, data terminals support 5G and 4G, and there is no requirement that the first 5G mobile phones need to support 3GTDSCDMA standard.
This seems to mean that the future production of 5G mobile phones does not need to consider China Mobile's TD-SCDMA communication standard, and China Mobile 3G will also withdraw from the historical stage in the future.
TD-SCDMA is China's leading 3G communication standard. The other two 3G international standards are WCDMA and CDMA2000, which are adopted by China Unicom and China Telecom respectively. In the 4G era, it developed into two standards: TD-LTE and FDD-LTE. At 5G, countries around the world have adopted the same communication standard.
Back in the history, China issued 3G licenses in 2008, and China Mobile began to expand 3G construction in 2009. According to China Mobile's financial report, its capital expenditure for communications construction in the 3G era exceeds 120 billion yuan annually. For example, in 2009, China Mobile Network Construction Investment Expenditure was 129.4 billion yuan, and in 2010 it was 124.3 billion yuan. In other words, on the 3G network, China Mobile has spent at least 300 billion yuan, which does not include the expenses of network operation and maintenance.
"This is not the sudden decision made now. It should be that China Mobile is gradually advancing. Now basically most of the users have upgraded to 4G, and China Mobile has already put voice communication on 4GVoLTE." The staff told the "Daily Economic News" reporter.
At the same time, it pointed out that China Mobile's 3GTDSCDMA industry chain is a big problem. At present, only mobile uses the TD-SCDMA standard, and the cost of base station, accessories, operation and maintenance is relatively large, and there are fewer suppliers. In its view, TD-SCDMA has completed its mission, and exit is a matter of time.
Give way for 5G construction
On the eve of 5G commercial, not only China Mobile, China Unicom is accelerating the retirement of the older network.
Since the first half of last year, some provinces and cities in China Unicom have started 2G withdrawal. At the time, China Unicom said that it would help 2G users move to 3G and 4G by freely replacing mobile phone cards and offering preferential activities such as experience traffic and online discount purchases.
As early as 2016, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has agreed to China Unicom's request for re-cultivation of 2G and 3G frequency resources for 4G networks.
A communications technician told the reporter of "Daily Economic News" that the reason why China Unicom retired was 2G instead of 3G. The Unicom 3G network adopted WCDMA standard, the industry chain is relatively mature, and the construction layout is relatively complete. This is different from what China Mobile has encountered.
In the initial stage of 5G network construction, operators will have a network of 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G coexistence. "One multi-network" not only makes each company face operational pressure, but also greatly increases costs. He Zhiqiang, general manager of China Telecom's technical department, has publicly stated that how to efficiently operate and maintain multiple networks of different standards, continuously reduce operation and maintenance costs, achieve energy conservation and emission reduction, and improve competitiveness are all operators must face and solve. problem.
The reporter noted that according to the previous deployment of China Telecom, the 5G communication of telecommunications only carries the data communication function, and the voice telephone function is assumed by the 4G network. At present, China Unicom and China Telecom have begun to implement voice communication in some regions to be undertaken by 4G networks to prepare for the upcoming 5G.
In fact, China still has huge 2G and 3G users. How to make these users migrate to 4G and the future 5G will require operators to make efforts. According to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, as of the end of 2018, the total number of mobile phone users in China reached 1.57 billion, and the total number of 4G users reached 1.17 billion, but there are still about 400 million 2G and 3G mobile phone users.
The above-mentioned operators' technical personnel told the "Daily Economic News" reporter that basically most of China Mobile's mobile phone users have used 4G, and in remote areas, they need 2G and 3G to support. How to let the network return does not affect this part. The normal use of people requires China Mobile to consider.
At present, 5G network construction is proceeding in an orderly manner. Near the end of this year, nearly 20 cities are expected to experience the high speed of 5G networks. The general manager of Shanghai Mobile recently revealed that China Mobile is promoting 5G contiguous coverage of Shanghai's main urban area, suburban business hotspots and vertical industry application areas. At the end of September, no less than 5,000 5G base stations will be built in the city. According to the Beijing Daily, before the end of the year, Beijing will be able to achieve full coverage of 5G signals in the five-ring area.
5G潮起3G潮落 中国移动3000亿打造的TD－SCDMA开始退网
人民网（来源：每日经济新闻） 03-12 08:20
3月11日，《每日经济新闻(博客,微博)》记者注意到福州市人民政府官网稍早前的一则消息，内容为福州市无线电管理局同意中国移动申请注销TD-SCDMA基站。函件内容显示，“经研究，同意注销你单位已经停止使用的TD-SCDMA基站6535个，对数据库中TD-SCDMA基站数据予以封存并收回原核发的无线电台执照。”
这意味着，在5G通信即将到来的阶段，中国移动的部分3GTD-SCDMA基站开始退出历史舞台。一位运营商方面的技术人员告诉记者，从全球趋势来看，2G、3G退网是大势所趋，中国移动3G通信产业链支撑动力少，为5G建设让路，3G退网是必然。这同时也是个渐进的过程，毕竟要考虑到原有3G用户的迁移。
记者粗略统计发现，中国移动在3G网络上面的投入至少超过3000亿元。目前，三大运营商均在为5G建设做前期准备，进行清频、退网。从去年开始，中国联通(600050)也开始在全国范围内陆续退网2G，保留3G和4G。
5G无需支持TD-SCDMA
中国移动早已为3G退网做了许多预告。
记者注意到，中国移动在去年11月份发布的《中国移动5G终端策略》中就提到，在模式频段方面，其要求智能手机企业提供的5G终端产品需要同时支持五模5GNR、4GTD-LTE、4GLTEFDD、3GWCDMA、2GGSM模式频段，数据类终端支持5G和4G就行，并没有要求首批5G手机需要支持3GTDSCDMA制式。
这似乎意味着，以后生产的5G手机无需再考虑中国移动的TD-SCDMA通信制式，未来中国移动3G也将退出历史舞台。
TD-SCDMA是中国主导的3G通信标准，另外两个3G国际标准为WCDMA和CDMA2000，分别被中国联通和中国电信采用。4G时代则发展为TD-LTE、FDD-LTE两个标准。而到了5G，全球各国采用了同一个通信标准。
回溯历史，国内于2008年发放3G牌照，中国移动从2009年开始大规模铺开3G建设。根据中国移动财报披露，其在3G时代的通信建设资本开支每年都超过1200亿元。如2009年中国移动网络建设投资开支为1294亿元，2010年为1243亿元。也就是说，在3G网络上面，中国移动至少花费了3000亿元，这还不包括此后网络运维等方面的开支。
“这并非是现在突然作出这个决定，应该是中国移动陆陆续续地在推进。现在基本上大部的用户都升级到了4G，中国移动也早已将语音通信放到4GVoLTE上。”上述运营商技术人员告诉《每日经济新闻》记者。
其同时指出，中国移动3GTDSCDMA产业链是一个很大的问题，当初只有移动使用TD-SCDMA标准，在基站、配件、运维方面成本支出都比较大，供应商也较少。在其看来，TD-SCDMA已完成自己的使命，退出是早晚的事情。
为5G建设让路
在5G商用前夕，不仅中国移动，中国联通也在加速较老的网络清退。
去年上半年开始，中国联通部分省市开始2G退网。中国联通当时表示，通过免费更换手机卡，赠送体验流量、登网优惠购机等优惠活动，协助2G用户向3G、4G迁转。
而早在2016年，工信部已同意中国联通关于重耕2G、3G频率资源用于4G网络的请示。
一位通信方面的技术人员对《每日经济新闻》记者表示，之所以中国联通退网的是2G而不是3G，在于联通3G建网采用WCDMA标准，产业链较为成熟，建设布局也比较完善，这与中国移动所遇到的情况不同。
5G网络建设初期，运营商将拥有一张2G、3G、4G、5G并存的网络，“一家多网”不仅让各家面临运营压力，还会大大增加成本。中国电信技术部总经理何志强此前就曾公开表示，如何高效地运行和维护多张不同制式的网络、不断减少运维成本、实现节能减排、提高竞争力是每个运营商都要面临和解决的问题。
记者注意到，根据中国电信之前的部署，电信的5G通信只承载数据通信功能，语音电话功能则由4G网络来承担。目前，中国联通和中国电信都在部分地区开始推行语音通信由4G网络来承担，为即将到来的5G作准备。
实际上，中国依然有着庞大的2G、3G用户，如何让这些用户顺利迁移到4G以及未来的5G，需要运营商们发力。根据工信部的数据，截至2018年末，我国移动电话用户总数达到15.7亿户，4G用户总数达到11.7亿户，但仍有4亿左右数量的2G、3G手机用户。
上述运营商方面的技术人员告诉《每日经济新闻》记者，基本上大部分中国移动的手机用户都用上了4G，在偏远地区还需要2G、3G来支撑，如何让退网不影响这部分人的正常使用，需要中国移动考虑。
当前，5G建网正在有条不紊地进行，今年底前，近20个城市有望体验到5G网络的高速。上海移动总经理近日透露，中国移动正推动上海主城区、郊区业务热点区域、垂直行业应用区域的5G连片覆盖，9月底在全市范围内完成不少于5000个5G基站建设。而据《北京日报》报道，年底前，北京就能在五环区域内实现5G信号的全覆盖。
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